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This text allows pastoral letters to be analysed as a distinct literary genre that contributed in complex ways to early modern practices of caregiving, negotiating political oppression, geographical isolation, and colonial experimentation.

Pastoral care --- English letters --- History --- History and criticism.

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Since the central centuries of the Middle Ages the sacrament of penance became one of the central aspects of religious life and Christian practice. To help the clergy tasked with pastoral care in listening penitents’ confessions manuals were penned, which are to this day not much studied. The analysis of one of these texts, the De modo audiendi confessiones of Heinrich Lur, canon in the cathedral of Trento around the half of the fifteenth century, is the occasion to reflect on what in the late Middle Ages revolved around the administration of sacramental penance, in regards to theology and canon law as well as pastoral care.

Christian sacraments --- Christian ministry & pastoral activity --- Penance --- Sacraments --- Pastoral Care --- Confession --- Confessors’ Manual --- Absolution

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Pastoral and devotional literature flourished thoughout the Middle Ages, and its growth and transmutations form the focus of this collection. The reading and devotional use of texts by women and solitaries is also considered. The essays therefore form an appropriate tribute to the work of Bella Millett.

Pastoral theology --- Pastoral care --- Devotional literature, English (Middle) --- History --- History and criticism. --- Care of souls --- Cure of souls --- Church work --- Pastoral counseling --- Ministry --- Pastoral office and work --- Theology, Pastoral --- Bella Millett. --- Essays. --- Medieval. --- Pastoral Care. --- Vernacular Spirituality.

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Pastoral psychology --- Pastoral Care --- Pastoral Care. --- Psychologie pastorale --- Pastoral psychology. --- Religion & Philosophy (General) --- Psychology. --- Clerical psychology --- Pastoral psychiatry --- Psychology, Clerical --- Psychology, Pastoral --- Pastoral Psychology --- Care, Pastoral --- Pastoral theology --- Psychology, Religious --- Pastoral care. --- Soins pastoraux. --- Care of souls --- Cure of souls --- Church work --- Pastoral counseling

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The thirteenth century was a crucial period of reform in the English church, during which the church's renewal initiatives transformed the laity. The vibrant lay religious culture of late-medieval England cannot be understood without considering the re-invigorated pastoral care that developed between 1200 and 1300. Even before Innocent III called the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, reform-minded bishops and scholars were focusing attention on the local church, emphasising better preaching and more frequent confession. This study examines the processes by which these clerical reforms moulded the lay religiosity of the thirteenth century, integrating the different aspects of church life, so often studied separately, and combining a broad investigation of the subject with a series of comparative case studies. William Campbell also demonstrates how differences abounded from diocese to diocese, town to country and parish to parish, shaping the landscape of pastoral care as a complex mosaic of lived religion.

Pastoral theology --- Pastoral care --- Church history --- History --- England --- Church history. --- Care of souls --- Cure of souls --- Church work --- Pastoral counseling --- Ministry --- Pastoral office and work --- Theology, Pastoral